A couple of interesting links I can across: Jan Vitek on Fortress vs Julia - https://www.dropbox.com/s/2d8se4mr4hxrra2/Julia17.pdf?dl=0 A recent medium post on Typed Python - https://medium.com/@ageitgey/learn-how-to-use-static-type-checking-in-python-3-6-in-10-minutes-12c86d72677b